Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwephepha lomthwalo lomnini nqanawa kunye nephepha lokukhwelisa elwandle?
Ityala lomthwalo lomnini nqanawa libhekiselele kwibhili yokulayisha elwandle (i-Master B/L, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-master bill, bill yolwandle, ekubhekiswa kuyo njenge-M bill) ekhutshwa yinkampani yokuthumela ngenqanawa.Inokukhutshelwa umnini wempahla ngokuthe ngqo (umthumeli wempahla akakhuphi ibhili yokulayishwa ngeli xesha), okanye ingakhutshelwa umthumeli wempahla.(Ngeli xesha, umthumeli wempahla uthumela i-bill of lading kumnini-mpahla othe ngqo).
Ibhili yomthwalo womthuthi (iNdlu B/L, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-sub-bill of lading, ekubhekiswa kuyo njenge-H bill), ngokungqongqo, kufuneka ibe ngumthuthi oqhelekileyo ongekho kwinqanawa (i-first class forwarder, i-China iqalile isiqinisekiso esifanelekileyo. isiqinisekiso ngo-2002, kwaye umthumeli wempahla kufuneka asihambise ebhankini echongwe liSebe lezoThutho Idiphozithi iyafuneka ukuba ivunywe) Ibhilikhwe yempahla ekhutshwa ngumthumeli wempahla evunyiweyo liSebe lezoThutho. Ezothutho kwaye ufumene isiqinisekiso se-NVOCC (esingasetyenziswanga kwinqanawa esebenza ngokuqhelekileyo).Ngokuqhelekileyo inikezelwa kumnini othe ngqo wempahla;ngamanye amaxesha oontanga basebenzisa i-bill of lading, kwaye i-bill of lading ikhutshelwa I-peer iya kukhupha i-bill yayo yomthwalo kumnini wayo othe ngqo.Kule mihla, kukho iiodolo ezininzi zezindlu ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ngakumbi kwiindawo zaseYurophu nase-United States.
Owona mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwetyala lomthwalo womnini nqanawa kunye ne-ocean bill of lading zezi:
① Imixholo yoMthumeli kunye nekholamu zoMthumeli kuluhlu lwempahla yahlukile: umthumeli wetyala lomthwalo othunyelwa ngaphandle ngoyena mntu uthumela ngaphandle (umnini wempahla ngokuthe ngqo), kwaye uMthumeli othunywayo ugcwalisa kuluhlu olufanayo lwenowuthi yomthwalo ngokuhambelana nezibonelelo zeleta yekhredithi, ngokuqhelekileyo Uku-odola;kwaye Xa umyalelo we-M ukhutshelwa umthengisi oqobo, uMthumeli ugcwalisa umthumeli ngaphandle, kwaye uMthumeli ugcwalisa inqaku lomthwalo ngokuhambelana neziqulatho;xa umyalelo we-M ukhutshiwe kumthumeli wempahla, uMthumeli ugcwalisa umthumeli wempahla, kwaye uMthumeli ugcwalisa i-arhente yomthumeli wempahla kwizibuko lendawo.abantu.
②Iinkqubo zokutshintshiselana ngeodolo kwizibuko lendawo yokufikela zahlukile: nje ukuba ubambe iodolo ye-M, ungaya ngqo kwi-arhente yokuthumela ngenqanawa kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo ukutshintshiselana ngebhilidi yokungenisa impahla.Inkqubo ilula kwaye iyakhawuleza, kwaye ixabiso lilinganiselwe kwaye lincinci;ngelixa umnini womyalelo we-H kufuneka aye kumthumeli wempahla kwizibuko lendawo ukuya kuyitshintshisa.Kuphela ngomyalelo we-M unokufumana i-bill of lading kwaye uhambe ngeendlela zamasiko kunye neenkqubo zokuthatha.Iindleko zokutshintsha ii-odolo zibiza kakhulu kwaye azilungiswanga, kwaye zigqitywa ngokupheleleyo ngumthumeli wempahla kwizibuko lendawo.
③I-M bill, njengephepha lendlela yaselwandle, sesona satifikethi sisisiseko nesiyinyaniso selungelo lepropati.Inkampani yokuthumela ngenqanawa iya kuzisa iimpahla kumthumeli obonakaliswe kwibhili ye-M kwizibuko ekuyiwa kulo.Ukuba umthengisi ufumana umyalelo we-H, oko kuthetha ukuba ulawulo lwangempela lwempahla ethunyelwayo lusezandleni zomthumeli wempahla (ngeli xesha, ukuthunyelwa komyalelo we-M yi-arhente ye-port yokuthunyelwa kwempahla).Ukuba inkampani yokuthunyelwa kwempahla iye yatshona, umthengisi (umthengi ongaphandle) uya kuthi Umrhwebi) akanakuthatha iimpahla kwinkampani yokuthumela ngenqanawa nge-H-bill.
④Kwimpahla yebhokisi epheleleyo, zombini ii-odolo ze-M kunye ne-H zinokukhutshwa, ngelixa iimpahla ze-LCL, ii-odolo ze-H kuphela zinokukhutshwa.Ngenxa yokuba inkampani yokuthumela inqanawa ayisayi kunceda umnini-mpahla ukuba adibanise imigqomo, kwaye ayisayi kunceda umnini wempahla ekwahluleni iimpahla kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo.
⑤Inombolo ye-B/L yoxwebhu lokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngokubanzi ayingeni kwinkqubo yolawulo lokubonakalalisa, kwaye yahlukile kwi-bill of lading number kwisibhengezo sokungenisa elizweni;inombolo ye-B/L yomnini wempahla inegama kunye nendlela yoqhagamshelwano yenkampani yokutshintsha, kodwa inkampani yoqhagamshelwano ayizizo iinkampani zokuthumela i-Port ezifana nee-arhente zangaphandle okanye i-Sinotrans.
Inkqubo ye-BL kunye ne-HBL:
①Umthengisi uthumela inqaku lomthwalo kuMthumeli, ebonisa ukuba yibhokisi epheleleyo okanye i-LCL;
②Isithuba seencwadi ezigqithiselwayo kunye nenkampani yokuthumela ngenqanawa.Emva kokuba inqanawa ikhwele, inkampani yokuthumela ikhupha i-MBL kumthumeli.I-MBL's Shipper nguMdluliseli kwizibuko lokusuka, kwaye iCnee ngokuqhelekileyo lisebe loMdluliseli okanye iarhente kwizibuko ekuyiwa kulo;
③Umthengisi usayinisa i-HBL kuMhambisi, i-HAL's Shipper inguye umnini wempahla, kwaye uCnee uqhele ukwenza unobumba wetyala ukuya ku-odolo;
④Umthwali uthutha iimpahla ukuya kwizibuko lenqanawa emva kokuba inqanawa ihambile;
⑤UMdlulisi uthumela i-MBL kwisebe lezibuko lendawo ngeDHL/UPS/TNT, njalo njalo.
⑥Emva kokuba uShipper efumene i-bill of lading, uyakuyisa ityala kwibhanki yasekhaya yothethathethwano kwaye alungise utshintshiselwano ngexesha lokubonisa ibhili.Ukuba iT / T Shipper ithumela amaxwebhu ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi bangaphandle;
⑦ Ibhanki yothethathethwano iyakuhlawula imali yangaphandle kunye nebhanki ekhuphayo kunye neseti epheleleyo yamaxwebhu;
⑧Umthumeli uhlawula umyalelo wentlawulelo kwibhanki ekhuphayo;
⑨Umthumeli kwizibuko lendawo ekuyiwa kuyo uthatha i-MBL kwinkampani yokuthumela inqanawa ukutshintshiselana ngomyalelo wokuthatha iimpahla kunye nokucacisa amasiko;
⑩Umthengi uthatha i-HBL ayokuthatha iimpahla kuMdluliseli.
Umahluko ongaphezulu phakathi kwetyala lomthwalo womthumeli wenqanawa kunye nephepha lomthwalo lomphathi wenqanawa: Ukusuka kwisihloko esibhalwe ngasentla, unokwazi ukuba ngaba yinkampani ethwala imithwalo okanye incwadi yomthwalo.Ungayixelela inkampani enkulu yeenqanawa ngokujonga nje.Njenge EISU, PONL, ZIM, YML, njl.
Umahluko phakathi kwetyala lomthwalo womnini nqanawa kunye netyala lomthwalo womthumeli wenqanawa usekwe ikakhulu kule miba ilandelayo:
①Ukuba akukho lungiselelo likhethekileyo kwileta yetyala, i-Freight Forwarder's B/L (HB/L) ibhili yokulayisha ayimkelekanga.
②Umahluko phakathi kwetyala lomthwalo womthumeli wenqanawa kunye nephepha lomthwalo lomnini nqanawa libhalwe ikakhulu kwisihloko kunye notyikityo.
Umkhuphi kunye nesiginitsha yebhili yomthwalo womnini nqanawa, i-ISBP kunye ne-UCP600 icacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba isayinwe kwaye ikhutshwe ngumqhubi, umphathi okanye i-arhente egama layo, kwaye intloko yayo ligama lenkampani yokuthumela.Ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu zokuthumela ngenqanawe ziyakwazi ngokukrwaqula nje, ezifana ne-EISU, iPONL, iZIM, YML, njl. njl. yomthwali, kwaye akufuneki ukuba ibonise ukuba ngumthwali okanye i-arhente yomphathi.
Okokugqibela, kukwakho nebhili yomthwalo womthumeli wempahla jikelele, eyibhili yokuthwala imithwalo ngokubanzi.Ngethuba nje bene-arhente kwizibuko lendawo okanye banokuboleka i-arhente, banokutyikitya olu hlobo lomthwalo womthwalo.Enyanisweni, akukho migaqo engqongqo yolu hlobo lwe-bill of lading.Njengoko kukho izitampu ze-Carrier okanye njenge-Agent.Abanye abathumeli bempahla abalungelelaniswanga.Ukubuyisela umva okanye ukuboleka kwangaphambili kunokwenzeka.Kuyenzeka ukuba idatha ibe yobuxoki.Abantu abakhohliseka ngokulula bakwanazo namatyala omthwalo.Akukho bungqina bokujongwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-24-2023
